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MIL-DTL-38999 connectors are designed and developed to meet the most strict requirements of the aerospace industry and the military. There are four series of MIL-DTL-38999 connectors consist of threaded, bayonet, and Breech Lok coupling mechanisms. They are environmentally immune connectors that use removable crimp contacts and can work in a wide range of temperature from -65 to +200°C. Many companies in the U.S. are the leading military component suppliers to the aerospace industry and the military.
Common characteristics of connectors:
Connectors usually comprise of a mating pair (plug and receptacle) each provided with male (pin) or female (socket) contacts. In order to reduce mechanical stresses, one of the connector halves, or its contacts, should be floating.

Types of connectors:

• Electrical connector contacts are usually Beryllium copper or Phosphor bronze which is coated with gold or some other highly-conductive, non-corrosive metal. The contacts are held by a dielectric insulator and are placed in an enclosure, that is mostly die-cast aluminum and plated to protect from corrosion. The contacts either can be captive or removable using a special tool.

• Fiber optic connectors are so-called male or typically plugs connectors with an extending ferrule that grips the fibers and arranges two fibers for mating. They make use of an adapter to mate the two connectors that suit the securing mechanism of the connectors.

The main differences between MIL-DTL-38999 series I, II, and III are:

• MIL-DTL-38999 series I connectors are bayonet coupled connectors and Series I connectors are bayonet coupled and posses high-vibration properties. They have almost 100% scoop proof design, available for connector size from 9 to 25. Series I connectors are ideal for moisture environment and heavy wind. They are employed when a fast disconnect coupling system is needed.

• MIL-DTL-38999 series II connectors are bayonet coupled low profile connectors. They have a non-scoop proof design, available for connectors size 8 to 24. Series II is used when space or weight is limited, or in high moisture, low-vibration, and strong wind conditions.

• MIL-DTL-38999 series III connectors are coupled by a thread. They have 100% scoop proof design, available for connector size 9 to 25. They are best matched for normal mating and unmating applications and can withstand high temperature, wind, moisture, or vibration environment.

Numerous electronic components are used for manufacturing different electronic circuits. There are many components which act as the backbone of the electronics industry, without them, no circuit can be completed. For example- integrated circuits or PCB. The electronic components can be categorized into two sections. In this blog, we have discussed the brief summary of the components.

The basic categories of the electronics components-
1) Active Components
2) Passive Components

1) Passive Electronic Components- There are many components which come under the passive components. Basically, passive components are those which can store energy either in the form of voltage or current. Some important passive components are-

• Resistors- It is a two-terminal passive component which is used to block the current. They work on the principle of Ohm's law. Resistors have its resistance and it is measured in ohms so the units of the resistance in ohms. Resistors can be further divided into two parts: fixed resistors and variable resistors.
• Capacitors- It is another very important electronic component used in almost every electronic device. An electronic circuit is incomplete without the capacitor. It stores energy in the form of the electric field. The capacitor blocks the direct current and allows the AC signal. 
• Inductors- This is another passive component of the electronic world. It is also known as AC resistor which stores electrical energy in the form of magnetic energy. It is used in various electrical circuits and other energy producing devices.

Some other passive electronic components include different types of motors, memristors,  antennas, sensors, etc. It is another vast topic that includes numerous other components.

Active Electronic Components- Active components depend on the source of energy and regulate the flow of electrons which flow through it. Some of these components are semiconductors like integrated circuits, diodes, transistors, displays such as- LED, LCD, CRTs, and power sources like batteries, PV cells and other AC and DC supply sources.

• Diodes- Diodes are the elements that allow the flow of current in one direction. They are manufactured from the semiconductor material. It is also a two terminal component which has anode and cathode terminals. It is used in the devices which are used to convert the AC  to DC circuits. Different types of diodes are- Zener diodes, photodiodes,  PN diodes, and LEDs.
• Integrated Circuits- Often known as ICs. They are generally fabricated with the hundreds to thousands of diodes, resistors, transistors, and other components on a tiny silicon chip. They are the backbone of this growing technology and innovation, such as- smartphones, laptops, watches and other electronic components. Some of the commonly used ICs are- timers, Op-amps, switches ICs, comparators, and many more.

To have a healthy lifestyle it is important to use products which contain less or no hazardous substances. Governments have issued a lot of regulations and directions to reduce the toxic materials and metals. RoHS testing is one of the testings used to check the percentage of the hazardous substances. RoHS (Restriction on Hazardous Substances)  was first applied in the European Union. The United States of America restricts the use of specific hazardous materials found in electrical and electronic products.

In the RoHS testing, tests are generally done to notice the level of the Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and hexavalent chromium. It is also used to find if total bromine is less than the prescribed limit for the most bromine-rich compound.

What are the main restricted substances?
RoHS is usually referred to as the lead-free regulations, but importantly, following are some of the substances that are restricted under this.

• Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+)
• Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)
• Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)
• Mercury (Hg)Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP)
• Cadmium (Cd)
• Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)
• Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)
• Lead (Pb)
• Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)

What are the product components that contain restricted substances?
There is a huge variety of components that customer uses in their daily life. Electronic and electrical products are one of them. Below are some of the examples of the components that include a Lead element in excess.

• The printed circuit board (PCB), leads, internal and external interconnects
• Lamps and bulbs
• Batteries
• Photographic products, for example- CRT television screens and camera lenses.
• Paints and pigments
• Soldering equipment
• Metal parts
• Integrated circuits (ICs) or microchips
• PVC (vinyl) cables as a stabilizer (e.g., power cords, USB cables)

What is the need for RoHS testing?
Many a times it is seen that the components have more or irregular composition which is not safe for health and also shows its effects on the environment adversely. To check the accuracy regarding the composition of the different things in a specific material, this testing is used. In some reputed places, it is important to identify and marked as RoHS certified to ensure the quality of the product. To know more, contact- Resion.

Have you heard about semiconductors? They are tiny electronic components commonly known as microchips and computer chips. They are also known as integrated circuits. These electronic components are mostly found in the smartphones, games, PCs, and electronic devices. The advancement in the technology has lead to the boom in the electronics industry and so in the semiconductor industry.

Purpose of a Semiconductor- A semiconductor helps in the movement of electricity. A semiconductor is used for the controlled movement of electrons from one component to another component.
As the name indicates, semiconductors are made up of materials which are neither good insulators nor good conductors. Such devices are used for wide range of applications due to the fact of its reliability, compactness, and inexpensive option. These electronic components are widely used in various sectors such as- light emitters, power devices, current and voltage handling capabilities, compactness optical sensors. In addition to this, they are used to manufacture microelectronic circuits. It is important to mention here that semiconductors are the key elements of the electronic components.

Different type of semiconductors- There are two basic groups or classifications that can be used to define the different semiconductor types. They are-

• Intrinsic material- The intrinsic type of semiconductor is made up of pure material. This is the reason that they possess a very low conductivity level. 

• Extrinsic material- Extrinsic types of the semiconductor are made up of material with some impurities.

N-type- The N-type semiconductor includes surplus electrons. This is the reason there are so many free electrons available within the structures. They move in one direction under the influence of a potential difference which results in an electric current flow. In an N-type semiconductor, electrons are the charge carriers.

P-type- In a P-type semiconductor there is a deficiency of electrons that means there are 'holes' in the crystal lattice. P-type electrons move from one empty place to the filled place which is considered as hole. It is important to mention here that the electrons carry the negative charge and holes carry the positive charge.

Looking for the electronic component suppliers? Contact- Resion. They are the leading suppliers of different electronic elements. They are well-known dealers of MIL-PRF-19500P.

Almost every sector depends on the various electronic components. Some of the important sectors which use them on the large scale are- telecommunication, military, automotive industries, aerospace, and medical. These sectors can't even think their existence without the electronic components. To fulfill the demand of the whole industry, people choose various electronic components distributors. As they are the one who can meet the demands of the industry. But what to consider while choosing a distributor, this is a big question asked and search by many. Below are some of the important points that you must read before finalizing a distributor.

• Make a list of the components- Ideally, this must be the first point while choosing a distributor. Make the list of different components which you want to order. Mention each and every component as well as the quantity you need. If you want a specific series component, highlight it in the list. Differentiate the components which are obsolete. As there are few distributors who deal with the obsolete electronic components.  

• There are many suppliers which tie up with the distributors. It's a very challenging task to find and evaluate trustworthy, reliable distributors. Choose the one who guarantees the quality and reliability of the product. As there are many distributors who sell the components which are counterfeit which is work like a termite for a company or organization. If you have choose the one who distribute the fake products then please stay away from them.

• Shot list the names of the distributors then search online. Check the online feedback of the clients. One or two bad reviews in hundreds of reviews is a normal thing but if you find many negative reviews then don't consider that. If possible, talk to the clients who have already availed their services.

• Do each and every deal with agreements. Written agreements are beneficial for you as well as for the distributors also. It is the proof of every deal. In case, if there is any problem while distributing components then you can show them. Must include a highly specific termination clause, it will be beneficial if there is any delay or return of any component.

Looking for reliable and trustworthy electronic component distributor? Contact- Resion. They are the largest independent stocking distributor that supplies to the aerospace, military, defense and medical industries in the US and worldwide.